Clinical Trial Finder

Inclusion Criteria Patient with Cancer:

• - Adults (> 18 years old) - Able to speak and read English and/or Spanish.

• - Be an individual diagnosed with a solid tumor cancer (e.g., breast, colon, lung, melanoma, head and neck, or genitourinary/prostate cancer) as verified by primary oncologist or is the chosen caregiver for a participant with those cancers.

• - Receives care at Penn State Health or is the chosen caregiver for a participant treated at Penn State Health.

Exclusion Criteria Patient with Cancer:

• - Has completed an advance directive since cancer diagnosis as verified by presence in the patient's medical chart.

• - Has not received treatment for their cancer at a Penn State Health facility in the past year.

• - Unable to consent to participate in study.

Inclusion Criteria Caregiver/Loved one:

• - Adults (> 18 years old) - Able to speak and read English and/or Spanish.

• - Be the chosen caregiver for a participant with cancer.

Exclusion Criteria Caregiver/Loved one: * Unable to consent to participate in study

Previous studies conducted by the investigators have shown that the Hello game demonstrates successful advance care planning (ACP) engagement in general populations, but has yet to be tailored to meet the unique needs of patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. Outlining their care preferences by engaging in ACP is an important aspect of care according to patients with advanced cancer. However, only 55% of patients with advanced cancer patients have participated in ACP. These patients have substantial bio-psycho-social stressors that distinguish their ACP needs from others. Tailoring established interventions that foster high quality conversations about medical treatment preferences and end-of-life issues (such as the Hello game) is critically important for this population given its unique needs. As evidenced by qualitative interviews with >200 participants, the Hello game creates a safe environment for sensitive conversations about end-of-life issues and inspired sharing of rich perspectives, with no reported adverse events, excessive burden, or negative emotional effects. That said, the intervention must be adapted for patients with cancer, particularly those with advanced cancer and their caregivers. Additionally, while several effective ACP interventions exist (including Hello), how best to disseminate these interventions has not been rigorously or systematically studied. In other ongoing and previous studies, the investigators have demonstrated success in both engaging individuals living in underrepresented communities in ACP and successfully enrolling them in interventional research about ACP. The investigators credit these successes to their unique intervention delivery approach called the Community Based Delivery Model (CBDM). The CBDM overcomes key barriers to ACP (such as healthcare distrust, resistance, and hesitancy to discuss end-of-life issues) by leveraging established community connections to recruit participants to participate in ACP interventions as well as research. In the CBDM, trusted community "hosts" (who are leaders from local hospice organizations, senior centers, health agencies) invite participants to attend an ACP event. They introduce the research team to the attendees who may choose to participate in the ACP activity, the research, or both. Hosts are provided with marketing materials and utilize their community network channels to advertise the event. This model allows for research to be conducted more easily within hard to reach and underserved communities such as Black, Hispanic and rural communities- much like the most remote communities across the Penn State Cancer Institute's 28-county catchment area. Patients with cancer, however, are unique, and may require an alternative approach that involves partnering with their oncology care team to introduce the concept of ACP and encourage participation in ACP and research. Notably, there is evidence that patients are more likely to engage in ACP when recommended by their physician, so how best to approach ACP for cancer patients is unknown. A common approach to ACP intervention research is to use a Healthcare Based Delivery Model (HBDM). In contrast to the CBDM, the HBDM is positioned within the healthcare system (i.e., clinic-based recruitment) as the ACP intervention is recommended by the patient's clinician (rather than through community-based outreach groups). For this intervention delivery approach, research assistants support interactions between clinicians (providers or nurses) to find appropriate patients and garner interest in performing ACP. This model is commonly used to recruit patients for clinical trials, including ACP interventions. For patients with cancer, the HBDM may have some advantages over the CBDM, given the close bonds that form between a patient and clinical care team as they interact frequently during active treatments such as infusions and radiation that often span several hours and weeks. Leveraging these therapeutic relationships may support greater acceptance of opportunities to broach ACP than a community-based model, but this remains unknown.

Arms

Experimental: Hello for Cancer game

For this arm, individuals will play the modified Hello game (Hello for Cancer). This game was modified to be better suited for individuals with cancer and their loved ones, and those modifications are now being tested. This game will include questions related to a variety of topics around an individual's cancer experience and medical decision making related to their cancer diagnosis. After playing the game, individuals will be asked to reflect on the game questions and provide feedback to inform further modifications.

Placebo Comparator: Table Topics game

For this arm, individuals will play commercially available Table Topics game during the research event. This game asks a variety of conversation starting questions, not particularly related to medical decision making.

Interventions

Behavioral: - Hello for Cancer game

To play 'Hello', players are provided 32 open-ended questions in a prearranged order and an equal number of game chips. A player reads aloud the first question. Players then individually write down their answers, and take turns sharing answers with the group (players can opt to pass). Players control how long they share, what they share, and when they are ready to proceed to the next question. During the conversation, players may choose to acknowledge others for a particularly thoughtful, poignant, or even funny comment by giving them a chip. A simple pre-game coin flip determines whether the player with the most chips 'wins' the game ('heads'), or the player with the least amount of chips wins the game ('tails'). The questions used in Hello for Cancer were modified from the original Hello game based on the results of phase 1 of testing this game in cancer populations. The modifications made to the game will be assessed for acceptability during this study.

Other: - Table Topics game

To play Table Topics, players are provided a deck of cards that have a variety of general conversation starter questions. The group takes turns selecting a card and reading it to the group for the group to answer. During the conversation, players may choose to acknowledge others for a particularly thoughtful, poignant, or even funny comment by giving them a chip. A simple pre-game coin flip determines whether the player with the most chips 'wins' the game ('heads'), or the player with the least amount of chips wins the game ('tails').